@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Sans 3';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("fonts/source-sans-3.woff2") format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}


@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Serif 4';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("fonts/source-serif-4.woff2") format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}


@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Serif 4';
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("fonts/source-serif-4-italic.woff2") format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --paper: #faf9f5;
  --ink: #232923;
  --green: #31543e;
  --muted: #4d5a51;
  --rule: #d3d8ce;
  --serif: "Source Serif 4", Charter, "Bitstream Charter", Cambria, Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "Source Sans 3", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font: 100%/1.6 var(--sans);
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
body { max-width: 1150px; margin: auto; padding-inline: clamp(18px, 5vw, 68px); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
a { color: var(--green); text-underline-offset: .2em; }
a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
a:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--green); outline-offset: 4px; }
header, footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 14px 28px; flex-wrap: wrap; padding-block: 23px; }
header { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
header a { text-decoration: none; }
header a:hover, nav [aria-current] { text-decoration: underline; }
.wordmark { color: inherit; font: 650 18px/1.55 system-ui, sans-serif; }
nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 20px; font-weight: 600; }
.intro { padding-block: clamp(34px, 7vw, 82px) 28px; max-width: 780px; }
.label { margin: 0 0 12px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
h1, h2, h3, .lede, .essay > p { font-family: var(--serif); font-optical-sizing: auto; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 6vw, 4.65rem); font-weight: 520; line-height: 1.05; letter-spacing: -.028em; margin: 0 0 .35em; text-wrap: balance; }
.lede { max-width: 54ch; font-size: clamp(1.18rem, 2.4vw, 1.52rem); line-height: 1.52; margin: 0; }
.intro-link { margin: 0 0 32px; font-weight: 600; }
section { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 22px 0; }
main > section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(155px, 1fr) minmax(0, 2.5fr); gap: 9px clamp(18px, 4vw, 50px); }
main > section > div { max-width: 64ch; font-size: 1.11rem; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2vw, 1.5rem); font-weight: 620; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0; }
section p, section ul { margin: 0 0 .6em; }
section p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
section a { font-weight: 600; }
.divider { color: var(--muted); padding: 0 .35em; }
footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-top: 34px; font-size: .93rem; }
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 18px; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: -9999px; }
.skip:focus { left: 20px; top: 8px; background: #fff; padding: 8px; z-index: 2; }
.essay { max-width: 710px; margin-inline: auto; }
.essay .intro { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.essay .intro > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.essay > p { font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 2vw, 1.25rem); line-height: 1.72; margin: 0 0 1em; }
.essay-index { padding-left: 0; list-style: none; }
.essay-index li { padding-bottom: .7em; margin-bottom: .7em; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
dt { font-weight: 650; }
dd { margin: 0 0 .85em; }
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  main > section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  header { gap: 11px; }
  nav { width: 100%; gap: 8px 16px; }
  main > section > div { font-size: 1.05rem; }
}
.signup { margin: 0 0 32px; }
.signup p { color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.05rem; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.subscribe { display: inline-block; padding: .63em 1.04em; background: var(--green); color: white; font-weight: 650; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.subscribe:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.essay .signup { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-top: 28px; padding-top: 20px; }

.newsletter {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px clamp(24px, 5vw, 60px);
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding: clamp(18px, 4vw, 44px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: #f0f2ec;
  scroll-margin-top: 18px;
}
.newsletter h2 { font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3.5vw, 2.55rem); }
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .newsletter { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

nav .nav-subscribe { color: var(--green); font-weight: 700; }

.media-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.media-list li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-top: .9em; padding-top: .9em; }
.media-list h3 { margin: .15em 0; font-size: 1.15em; line-height: 1.25; }
.media-list p, .media-meta { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9em; }
.media-meta { font-weight: 600; }

.newsletter-intro { display: flex; gap: clamp(10px, 2vw, 22px); align-items: center; }
.field-guide { flex: 0 0 auto; width: clamp(58px, 9vw, 105px); height: auto; }

/* Personal site editorial layout */
:root {
  --paper: #fbf9f3;
  --ink: #222923;
  --green: #284c3b;
  --muted: #4d5b50;
  --rule: #d4d8cd;
}
header { align-items: center; padding-block: 19px; }
nav { align-items: center; }
nav a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 42px; }
nav .nav-subscribe { border: 1px solid var(--green); padding-inline: 13px; }
.home-opening { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: clamp(24px, 6vw, 82px); align-items: center; padding-block: clamp(32px, 6vw, 80px); }
.home-opening .intro { padding: 0; }
.home-opening h1 { font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 7vw, 5.65rem); font-weight: 530; text-wrap: initial; }
.opening-note { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 1rem 0 1.4rem; }
.opening-art { margin: 0; }
.opening-art img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 1.16; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 64%; }
.opening-art figcaption { padding-top: .5em; color: var(--muted); font-size: .86rem; }
.home > .lead-story { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: center; background: #eeeee3; border: 0; padding: clamp(20px, 4vw, 42px); }
.lead-story h2 { font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 3rem); }
.work-index { margin-block: 34px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); column-gap: clamp(24px, 6vw, 80px); }
.work-index section { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; padding-block: 22px 28px; }
.work-index p { max-width: 51ch; font-size: 1.1rem; }
.essay { max-width: min(100%, 66ch); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.2rem; }
.essay .intro > p { font-family: var(--sans); }
.essay > p { font-size: clamp(1.13rem, 2.1vw, 1.24rem); }
.newsletter { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
.newsletter > div:last-child { justify-self: end; }
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .home-opening, .home > .lead-story, .work-index, .newsletter { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home-opening { gap: 23px; }
  .opening-art img { aspect-ratio: 1.65; }
  .newsletter > div:last-child { justify-self: start; }
  nav { column-gap: 14px; }
}

.credentials { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .35rem 1rem; margin: 1rem 0; font-size: .94rem; font-weight: 600; }
.portrait-slot { min-height: 280px; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; max-height: 470px; display: grid; align-content: center; justify-items: center; gap: .4rem; background: #eeeee3; border: 1px solid var(--rule); color: var(--muted); }
.portrait-slot span { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.55rem; }
@media (max-width: 650px) { .portrait-slot { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; min-height: 0; } }

.portrait-slot { display: block; overflow: hidden; }
.portrait-slot img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 55% 63%; }

main > .model-explainer, main > .signature {
  padding: clamp(18px, 4vw, 34px);
  background: #eeeee3;
  border: 0;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
main > .model-explainer { display: block; }
.model-steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: model-step;
}
.model-steps li { padding: 12px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); counter-increment: model-step; }
.model-steps li::before { content: "0" counter(model-step); color: var(--muted); font-weight: 650; }
.model-steps h3 { margin: .3em 0; line-height: 1.25; }
.model-note { color: var(--muted); max-width: 68ch; }
.signature h2 { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem); }
.speaking-detail { margin-top: .55em; }
.speaker-bio { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px; }
.speaker-bio img { width: clamp(68px, 14vw, 115px); height: auto; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; object-fit: cover; object-position: 55% 63%; }
@media (max-width: 650px) { .model-steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; } }

/* Publication details */
.home > .lead-story { border-top: 2px solid var(--green); }
.editorial-kicker { letter-spacing: .13em; }
.essay .essay-byline { font-weight: 600; font-size: .93rem; }
.essay > .essay-break { margin-block: 1.4em; color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: .3em; text-align: center; }
.model-explainer .research-citation { margin-top: 1.3rem; padding-top: .9rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.research-citation .label, .research-citation > span:last-child { color: var(--muted); }
.research-citation cite { font-family: var(--serif); }

/* Keep the journal an accent beside the signup copy. */
.newsletter-intro { gap: clamp(8px, 1.6vw, 18px); }
.field-guide { width: clamp(110px, 13vw, 152px); height: auto; }
.newsletter-intro p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .newsletter { gap: 14px; }
  .newsletter h2 { font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 5vw, 1.85rem); }
}

.harvest-paths { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:1rem; list-style:none; padding:0; }
.harvest-paths li { padding:1rem; border-top:2px solid var(--green); background:#eeeee3; }
@media(max-width:600px) { .harvest-paths { grid-template-columns:1fr; } }

.portrait-slot img { object-position: 55% 55%; }

.whole-tree-film { display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr); gap:clamp(1rem,4vw,3rem); align-items:center; padding:1.5rem 0; border-block:1px solid var(--rule); margin-block:1.5rem; }
.whole-tree-film img { display:block; width:100%; height:auto; aspect-ratio:16/9; object-fit:cover; }
.whole-tree-film h2 { margin:.3rem 0; }
@media(max-width:650px) { .whole-tree-film { grid-template-columns:1fr; } }

/* Research model */
.model-explainer .model-steps { gap: 1px; background: var(--rule); border: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.model-explainer .model-steps li { border: 0; padding: clamp(.9rem, 2vw, 1.4rem); background: #f5f6ee; }
.model-explainer .model-steps li:last-child { background: #e2e9dc; }
.model-explainer .model-note { max-width: none; padding: 1.2rem 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.model-explainer .model-note p { max-width: 68ch; }
.model-explainer .model-note p:last-child { border-left: 2px solid #819480; padding-left: .85rem; }
.model-explainer .research-citation { background: #dfe7db; padding: 1rem 1.2rem; border-top: 0; }

/* Three career milestones, connected by a quiet vertical rule. */
.career-timeline dl { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.7rem; }
.career-timeline .career-entry {
  --career-dot-y: calc(.95rem + .8em);
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 7rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 1rem;
  row-gap: .2rem;
  padding: .95rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.career-timeline .career-entry::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -1.4rem;
  top: var(--career-dot-y);
  bottom: calc(-.95rem - .8em);
  width: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}
.career-timeline .career-entry::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -1.4rem;
  top: var(--career-dot-y);
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--green);
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
.career-timeline .career-entry:first-child { --career-dot-y: .8em; padding-top: 0; }
.career-timeline .career-entry:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.career-timeline .career-entry:last-child::before { display: none; }
.career-timeline dt { display: contents; }
.career-timeline .career-date { color: var(--green); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
.career-timeline .career-role { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.12em; }
.career-timeline dd { grid-column: 2; margin: 0; }
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .career-timeline .career-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .career-timeline dd { grid-column: 1; }
}

.whole-tree-film figure { margin:0; } .whole-tree-film figcaption { color:var(--muted); font-size:.85rem; margin-top:.35rem; }


/* V48 author positioning and biography */
.home-bio-link { display: inline-block; margin: .6rem 0 .6rem 1rem; }
/* Homepage guiding principle */
main > .home-philosophy {
  padding-block: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px);
  row-gap: 18px;
}
main > .home-philosophy .philosophy-statement {
  max-width: 30ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--green);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3.2vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
main > .home-philosophy .philosophy-explanation {
  max-width: 55ch;
  margin: .75rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}
main > .home-philosophy .philosophy-example {
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
}
.author-biography p + p, .professional-biography p + p { margin-top: .9rem; }
.professional-biography { margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.professional-biography summary { cursor: pointer; font-weight: 650; }
.professional-positioning { font-weight: 650; }
.field-notes-cadence { margin: .65rem 0 0; }
.substack-fallback { display: inline-block; margin-top: .65rem; }

/* Additional talks */
.talks { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.talk { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.talk > summary {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: start;
  gap: .65rem 1.25rem;
  padding: 1.1rem .75rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}
.talk > summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.talk > summary:hover, .talk[open] > summary { background: #f0f2ec; }
.talk > summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--green); outline-offset: -2px; }
.talk-overview > span { display: block; }
.talk-overview .label { margin: 0 0 .25rem; }
.talk-title { font: 620 clamp(1.16rem, 2.1vw, 1.4rem)/1.25 var(--serif); }
.talk-preview { margin-top: .4rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1rem; }
.talk-toggle { color: var(--green); white-space: nowrap; font-size: .94rem; font-weight: 650; }
.talk-toggle::before { content: "+"; display: inline-block; width: 1.1em; }
.talk[open] .talk-toggle::before { content: "−"; }
.talk-collapse, .talk[open] .talk-expand { display: none; }
.talk[open] .talk-collapse { display: inline; }
.talk-body { padding: .85rem .75rem 1.2rem; }
.talk-takeaway { border-left: 2px solid var(--green); padding-left: .8rem; margin-top: .95rem; }
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .talk > summary { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: .45rem; }
}

/* Speaking introduction */
.speaking-intro-copy { max-width: 58ch; margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.speaking-intro-copy p { margin: 0; }
.speaking-intro-copy p + p { margin-top: .55rem; }

/* Book page callouts */
main > .editorial-quote {
  display: block;
  margin-block: 1.5rem;
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2rem);
  background: #eeeee3;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--green);
}
.editorial-quote blockquote {
  margin: 0;
  font: 500 clamp(1.3rem, 3vw, 1.85rem)/1.35 var(--serif);
}
.footer-meta p { margin: 0; }
.privacy-note { color: var(--muted); }

.essay-navigation {
  gap: .45rem 1.4rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: .85rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font: 650 1rem/1.4 var(--sans);
}
.essay-navigation a { min-height: 44px; }
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .newsletter .field-guide { width: 76px; }
}

/* V64 signature opening and site information */
.signature .signature-hook {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.6vw, 1.75rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: .9em;
}
.signature-hook em { font-weight: 500; }
.signature-takeaway { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: .85rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.policy-date { color: var(--muted); font-size: .94rem; margin: 1rem 0 0; }
.footer-meta { flex: 1 1 290px; }
.footer-links { font-weight: 400; }
.footer-links a { min-height: 44px; }